Babies
A picture conversation
Materials: a sturdy picture book or a few large, safe pictures.
Sit where the baby can see your face and the picture. Name what catches their attention, pause and respond to a look, movement or sound. You can repeat one picture rather than turn every page. Stop or change position when the baby turns away or needs a break.
Copy a sound
Materials: your voice and a comfortable place to interact.
Listen to a sound the baby makes and respond with a similar sound or a short word. Pause for a response. The interaction can be brief; you are taking turns rather than asking the baby to perform.
Toddlers
A pretend shop
Materials: large, safe household objects and a bag or container.
Invite the child to choose a few things for the shop. Ask for one item, name it and exchange roles. Follow a different idea if the child decides the bag is for a trip. Leave small objects or unsuitable containers out of play.
Move and stop
Materials: clear space and a simple signal.
Choose a movement both of you can do: walking, reaching, tapping or moving hands. Use a word or gesture for stop, then begin again. Let the child choose the next movement. Adapt for sitting or mobility support rather than expecting everyone to run.
Preschoolers
Build a place
Materials: suitable blocks, boxes or large construction materials.
Ask what kind of place the child would like to build. Help when invited and describe a choice you notice. If something falls, ask whether to try again or change the idea. The conversation matters more than the finished shape.
Tell a picture story
Materials: a familiar picture book or the child's drawing.
Invite the child to choose a character and say what happens next. Add a small idea if invited. A gesture, drawing or selected picture can be part of the story; an oral answer is not required.
Make an activity fit
What interests the child:
Materials and space available:
One way to adapt participation:
What we noticed and might try next:
Read about learning through play · Explore outdoor play · Try six quick everyday activities
Edition: October 2026. National Parenting Foundation. Reuse and permissions.